tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10956822178648284192024-02-21T01:37:45.484+01:00Ökológus Tea Bloghírek a magyar ökológusok impakt faktoros folyóirat-cikkeirőlÖkológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.comBlogger162125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-18140776175794447492016-01-21T17:06:00.002+01:002016-01-21T17:06:16.158+01:00Sonkoly et al. (2016) Journal of Ecology<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283781510_Higher_seed_number_compensates_for_lower_fruit-set_in_deceptive_orchids" target="_blank">Sonkoly J., E. Vojtkó A., Tökölyi J., Török P., Sramkó G., Illyés Z., Molnár V. A. (2016): Higher seed number compensates for lower fruit-set in deceptive orchids. – Journal of Ecology DOI 10.1111/1365-2745.12511 </a><br /> <br /><br />Abstract <br />1. Floral deception is widespread in orchids, with more than one-third of the species being pollinated this way. The evolutionary success of deceptive orchids is puzzling, as species employing this strategy are thought to have low reproductive success (less flowers yielding fruits) because of low pollination rates. However, direct measurements of total seed production in orchids – which is a better measure of reproductive success – are scarce due to the extremely small size of their seeds. <br /> </div>
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2. Here, we quantified seed numbers in 1015 fruits belonging to 48 orchid species from the Pannonian ecoregion (central Europe) and obtained fruit set and thousand-seed weight data for these species from the literature. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to test the hypothesis that deceptive species should compensate for their lower fruit set by having either more flowers, larger seeds or more seeds in a fruit. <br /> </div>
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3. Similarly to previous studies, we found that deceptive orchids have substantially lower fruits-set than nectar-rewarding ones. Also, we found that deceptive species have more seeds in a fruit but not more flowers or larger seeds compared to nectar-rewarding ones. Based on our results, deceptive species compensate for their lower fruit set by having higher seed numbers per fruit. As a consequence, their seed numbers per shoot do not differ from that of nectar-rewarding ones. <br /><br />4. Together with other benefits of deceptive pollination (e.g. lower energy expenditure due to the lack of nectar production and higher genetic variability due to decreased probability of geitonogamous pollination), our results can explain why deceptive strategies are so widespread in the orchid family. <br /><br />5. Synthesis. Our results indicate that deceptive orchids can compensate for their lower fruit set by having more (but not larger) seeds in a fruit than rewarding species. These findings highlight possible ways in which plants can increase their reproductive success in face of pollinator limitation. We emphasize that fruit set in itself is an inappropriate measure of the reproductive success of orchids – the total number of seeds per shoot is a much better approximation. <br /><br /> <br />Keywords <br />deception, nectar reward, Orchidaceae, phylogenetic comparative methods, pollination, reproductive ecology, reproductive success, seed mass, seed number, thousand-seed weight </div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-68666057296839285702016-01-21T17:04:00.002+01:002016-01-21T17:04:33.408+01:00Molnár V. et al. (2015) PeerJ <div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://peerj.com/articles/1473/" target="_blank">Molnár V. A, Tóth J. P., Sramkó G., Horváth O., Popiela A., Mesterházy A., Lukács B. A. (2015): Flood induced phenotypic plasticity in amphibious genus Elatine (Elatinaceae). – PeerJ 3:e1473; DOI 10.7717/peerj.1473 </a><br /><br /><br />Abstract <br />Vegetative characters are widely used in the taxonomy of the amphibious genus Elatine L. However, these usually show great variation not just between species but between their aquatic and terrestrial forms. In the present study we examine the variation of seed and vegetative characters in nine Elatine species (E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. gussonei, E. hexandra, E. hungarica, E. hydropiper, E. macropoda, E. orthosperma and E. triandra) to reveal the extension of plasticity induced by the amphibious environment, and to test character reliability for species identification. Cultivated plant clones were kept under controlled conditions exposed to either aquatic or terrestrial environmental conditions. Six vegetative characters (length of stem, length of internodium, length of lamina, width of lamina, length of petioles, length of pedicel) and four seed characters (curvature, number of pits / lateral row, 1st and 2nd dimension) were measured on 50 fruiting stems of the aquatic and on 50 stems of the terrestrial form of the same clone. MDA, NPMANOVA Random Forest classification and cluster analysis were used to unravel the morphological differences between aquatic and terrestrial forms. The results ofMDA cross-validated and Random Forest classification clearly indicated that only seed traits are stable within species (i.e., different forms of the same species keep similar morphology). Consequently, only seed morphology is valuable for taxonomic purposes since vegetative traits are highly influenced by environmental factors. <br /><br /><br />Keywords <br />Adaptation, Macrophyte, Seed-morphology, Cultivation experiments, Seed characters, Vegetative characteristics,Water depth,Wetland ephemerophytes, Morphological variability</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-22232577193251546152016-01-21T17:00:00.001+01:002016-01-21T17:00:54.021+01:00Miglécz et al. (2015) Scientia Horticulturae<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ecology.science.unideb.hu/Tpeter/files/Miglecz-et-al-2015.pdf" target="_blank">Miglécz, T., Valkó, O., Török, P., Deák, B., Kelemen, A., Donkó, Á., Drexler, D., Tóthmérész, B. (2015): Species rich cover crop seed mixtures support organic farming in vineyards. Scientia Horticulturae, doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.017</a><br /> </div>
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Abstract<br />Developing sustainable farming practices to support ecosystem functions and services are key issues of agro-ecology and conservation biology. In organic wine production, preserving soil fertility and weed control are essentialtasks, because the use of synthetically processed herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers is strongly limited. Thus, itis vitalto propose and test alternative techniques to link issues of weed control, preservation of soil fertility and the improvement and conservation of agro-biodiversity. To fulfil these issues, the use of species-rich cover crops became increasingly integrated into organic wine production. We evaluated the establishment of three vineyard cover crop seed mixtures sown in the vineyards of the Tokaj region, East-Hungary to answer the following questions: (i) which sown species were successfully established during the first year after sowing? (ii) Which sown species established successfully even during the second year? (iii) How effective were the sown cover crop seed mixtures in weed control? We evaluated three types of species-rich seed mixtures: Biocont-ECOWIN, Grass-medical forb and Legume seed mixtures. Percentage cover of vascular plant species was recorded in the inter-rows in five 1 × 1 m permanent plots in late June, 2012 and 2013. All sown species established within the study period. During the first year mostly short-lived species established successfully from the sown seed mixtures. During the second year Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense established the most successfully, and had high cover scores at most sites out of the sown species. A significant weed suppression was detected for all sown mixtures (Biocont-ECOWIN seed mixture: at two sites; Grass-medical forb seed mixture: at every site; Legume seed mixture: at two sites). The magnitude of weed suppression varied with the sown seed mixture. During the first year BiocontECOWIN seed mixture was the most successful in weed suppression. During the second year the cover of weeds was suppressed most effectively by Grass-medical forb and Legume seed mixtures. Our findings suggest that high diversity seed mixtures are suitable to establish permanent cover crops, which enables to use them successfully at sites with different abiotic conditions.<br /><br /> <br />Keywords<br />Agro-biodiversity, Biodiversity, Ecosystem services, Grapevine, Soil protection, Weed management </div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-26888588248255604232016-01-21T16:58:00.002+01:002016-01-21T16:58:29.421+01:00Lukács et al. (2015) Tuexenia<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ecology.science.unideb.hu/Tpeter/files/Lukacs-et-al-Tuexenia-2015.pdf" target="_blank">Lukács, B. A., Török, P., Kelemen, A., Várbíró, G., Radócz, Sz., Takács, S., Miglécz, T., Tóthmérész B., Valkó O. (2015): Rainfall fluctuations and vegetation patterns in alkali grasslands – Self-organizing maps in vegetation analysis. Tuexenia, 35: 381-397</a><br /><br /> <br />Abstract<br />Knowledge about the drivers of vegetation dynamics in grasslands is fundamental to select appropriate management for conservation purposes. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of vegetation dynamics in alkali grasslands, a priority habitat of the Natura 2000 network. We studied vegetation dynamics in five stands of four alkali grassland types in the Hortobágy National Park (eastern Hungary), between 2009 and 2011. We analysed the effect of fluctuations in precipitation on both the overall vegetation composition and on the cover of each species using Self Organizing Map neural networks (SOM). We found that SOM is a promising tool to reveal plant community dynamics. As we analysed species cover and overall vegetation composition separately, we were able to identify the species responsible for particular vegetation changes. Fluctuations in precipitation (a dry season, followed by a wet and an average season) caused quick shifts in plant species composition because of an increasing cover of halophyte forbs, probably because of salinisation. We observed a similar effect of stress from waterlogging in all studied grassland types. The species composition of Puccinellia grasslands was the most stable over the three years with varying precipitation. This was important as this grassland type contained many threatened halophyte species. Self-organising maps revealed small-scale vegetation changes and provided a detailed visualisation of short-term vegetation dynamics, thus we suggest that the application of this method is also promising to reveal community dynamics in more species-rich habitat types or landscapes.</div>
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Keywords</div>
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halophytes, neural network, precipitation changes, salt stress, SOM, water stress </div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-91113735337374401712016-01-21T16:56:00.001+01:002016-01-21T16:56:29.720+01:00Kelemen et al. (2015) Preslia<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.preslia.cz/P154Kelemen.pdf" target="_blank">Kelemen, A., Lazzaro, L., Besnyői, V., Albert, Á-J., Konečná, M., Dobay, G., Memelink, I., Adamec, V., Götzenberger, L., de Bello, F., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Lepš J. (2015): Net outcome of competition and facilitation in a wet meadow changes with plant’s life stage and community productivity. Preslia 87: 347–361.</a><br /><br /> <br />Abstract<br />Positive and negative plant-plant interactions generally co-occur in communities but their relative importance should depend on site productivity; the importance of facilitation is expected to increase and that of competition to decrease with the adversity of the environment. Moreover the effect of surrounding vegetation on an individual’s performance can vary depending on the individual’s life stage and on the variables used to characterize an individual’s performance. To test these theories, we established a transplant experiment in a wet meadow in order to assess the effects of surrounding vegetation on individual plants under varying environmental conditions and changes in these effects during an individual’s development within one growing season. We asked whether (i) the net effects of plant interactions differ with differences in productivity and disturbance, and (ii) the net effects of interactions differ according to life stage, species and the performance measure used. We utilized a long-term experiment with three treatments (application of fertilizer, mowing and removal of the dominant species) in a full factorial design, yielding eight combinations, with three replicate plots per combination. In each plot four individuals of three species (Lysimachia vulgaris, Prunella vulgaris and Plantago lanceolata) were transplanted, two into gaps and two into intact vegetation. Survival (alive/dead) of each individual was recorded twice during the season. The presence of flowers and above- and below-ground biomass were recorded at the end of the transplant experiment. The survival of transplants early in the season was higher when growing among vegetation, indicating that at an early stage in its life the net effect of the surrounding vegetation was positive. At later stages, competition became more important and had a negative effect on biomass production and plant reproduction. This negative effect was more pronounced in fertilized plots while the effect of mowing and removal of dominant species on plant interactions was generally negligible. Our results indicate, particularly under more productive conditions, the importance of changes in the net outcome of plant interactions during different life stages, highlighting the dynamic nature of positive and negative interactions within a community.</div>
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Keywords</div>
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above-ground biomass, disturbance, fertilization, Molinia removal, mowing, neighbour-effect, ontogenetic shift, plant-plant interactions, root-shoot ratio, survival </div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-52659142702237805312016-01-21T16:53:00.003+01:002016-01-21T17:07:51.401+01:00Kelemen et al. (2016) Applied Vegetation Science<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/avsc.12225/abstract" target="_blank">Kelemen, A., Valkó, O., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Deák, B., Török, P., Tóth, K., Miglécz, T., Tóthmérész, B. (2016): The invasion of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in sandy old-fields – Is it a threat to the native flora? Applied Vegetation Science, doi: 10.1111/avsc.12225</a><br />
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<b>Abstract</b><br />
Questions<br />
Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) is an invasive ‘super species’ that has invaded extensive areas in Europe, forming novel ecosystems. One study has reported neutral effects of common milkweed on the native flora of sand dune grasslands in Hungary after the removal of invasive pine plantation. However, the effects of common milkweed on native flora more generally are unknown. Focusing on the potential effect of milkweed, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) the cover of native grassland species decreases with increasing cover of common milkweed; and (2) native species with low specific leaf area (SLA), height, seed mass and clonal spreading ability (i.e. low competitive ability) are more likely suppressed by milkweed compared with natives with high competitive ability.<br />
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Location<br />
Late successional sandy old-fields invaded by milkweed in the Great Hungarian Plain (Kiskunság, central Hungary).<br />
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Methods<br />
We recorded the cover of vascular plants in seven old-fields; in each old-field we sampled 12 plots including plots with different milkweed cover and control plots without milkweed. We used linear mixed effect models for exploring the effects of milkweed on the species richness and cover of native grassland species. To identify the common traits of the most affected native species, we used trait-based analyses; we studied leaf–height–seed traits and clonal spreading ability.<br />
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Results<br />
We detected no effect of common milkweed on total species richness, but it had a negative effect on the cover of grassland species. The negative effect of common milkweed was most pronounced on the cover of species with low SLA, low seed mass and low clonal spreading ability.<br />
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Conclusions<br />
Our results suggest that native, late successional sandy grasslands invaded by common milkweed form undesirable novel ecosystems because of significant negative impacts on the cover of native grassland species, especially those species with low competitive ability. For these species, management of milkweed might be needed to ensure their persistence in sandy grasslands in this landscape.</div>
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<b>Keywords</b><br />
Clonal spreading, Competition, Functional traits, Novel ecosystem, Old-field, Plant invasion, Sandy vegetation, Seed mass, Specific leaf area</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-73095609098895561082015-11-11T16:44:00.003+01:002015-11-11T16:46:08.736+01:00Popiela et al. (2015) Acta Botanica Gallica<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Elatine trianda</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Schkuhr is the most widespread species within the genus </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Elatine </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">L.; it can be found in all continents, except Antarctica, but the
majority of the locations have been recorded in Europe.
The study is based on an extensive dataset of literature, herbaria and web
data, which spans the period 1828–2012. The range of the species in Europe is
disjunctive; it covers the southern and western parts of the Central European
Plain and the northern shores of the Baltic Sea,
it can also be found along some river valleys. In Central
Europe many localities especially isolated ones in northern part
of the range are historical now. According to the dataset we determined that </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">E. triandra</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> can be observed between May and October. We also found a remarkable
historical decrease of observation time. We found that species observation has
a near significant shift since 1828 that correlates to changes in environmental
variables. Depending on the environmental conditions individuals of the taxon
could develop in two forms: terrestrial and aquatic. The aquatic form is
characterized by twice longer stems and internodes, and also almost twice
longer lamina and petiola. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">E.
triandra </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">seeds<b> </b>show consistent characteristics </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">both in terms of forms and populations. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Our studies show that the best diagnostic feature, in addition to the
construction of flowers, are size, shape and surface structure of seeds. In
Central Europe </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">E. triandra</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> occurs exlusively in communities classified to the
Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea, however the number of species characteristic for the
class and lower syntax in patches decreases from north to south of the
continent.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Keywords</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">chorology, ephemerophyte,
Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea, phytogeography, vegetation, morphology, maps, phenology</span></div>
<br />Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-29687889612136237912015-11-11T16:42:00.002+01:002015-11-11T16:45:44.115+01:00Lovas-Kiss et al. (2015) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp/article/view/asbp.2015.030" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Lovas-Kiss Á., Sonkoly J., Vincze O., Green A.J., Takács A. & Molnár V. A. (2015): Strong potentialfor endozoochory by waterfowl in arare, ephemeral wetland plant species (Astragalus contortuplicatus, Fabaceae). – Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 84(3): 321–326.</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">It was proposed previously that passive
dispersal by migratory aquatic birds explain the widespread distribution of
many wetland organisms. Several experimental studies have shown that many
widespread wetland plant species can be readily dispersed within the guts of
Anatidae. However, it is unclear whether plants with a more restricted
distribution are able to disperse via waterbirds. This paper addresses the
dispersal ability and germination ecology of the little-known Hungarian
milkvetch <i>Astragalus contortuplicatus</i>, which occurs on banks of
continental rivers and has a limited and unpredictable distribution. To test
whether limited capacity for endozoochory by waterfowl could explain the
sporadic appearance of this species, we force-fed ten captive mallards (<i>Anas
platyrhynchos</i>) with 100 milkvetch seeds each. Droppings were collected for
up to 45 h after feeding. Intact and viable seeds were found in the droppings
of each mallard, and altogether 24.7% of seeds fed were recovered intact. The
proportion of retrieved seeds that germinated (27.0%) was significantly higher
than that of untreated control seeds (0.5%), but significantly lower than that
of mechanically scarified seeds (96.0%). Retrieved seeds that germinated
developed into healthy mature plants. Given the average flight velocity of
mallards, seeds of <i>A. contortuplicatus </i>may travel up to 1600 km inside the
digestive tract of migrating individuals. Our results suggest that avian
vectors may be more important for the dispersal of rare higher plants
(especially those with a hard seed-coat) than hitherto considered. Moreover,
they suggest that rarity does not necessarily indicate limited dispersal ability,
and may instead be explained by specific habitat requirements.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Keywords</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Anas
platyrhynchos, germination experiment, mallard, ornitochory, seed dispersal,
seed ecology, seed viability</span></div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-65738782277268830362015-11-11T16:40:00.003+01:002015-11-11T16:40:35.642+01:00Molnár V. et al. (2015) Preslia<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="http://www.preslia.cz/P153Molnar.pdf" target="_blank">Molnár V.A., Sonkoly J., Lovas-Kiss A., Fekete R., Takács A., Somlyay L. & Török P. (2015): Seed of the threatened annual legume, Astragalus contortuplicatus, can survive over 130 years of dry storage. – Preslia 87(3): 319–328.</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Long-term seed viability is of crucial
importance for short-lived species, since persistent seed banks can buffer the
fluctuations in the establishment of plants from year to year. Temporarily
flooded habitats are an unpredictable environment for plants, and for some
species the only chance they have of surviving is the formation of persistent
seed banks. <i>Astragalus contortuplicatus </i>is an annual species of
periodically flooded habitats and is considered an endangered species in
Hungary. Altogether 1993 seeds of this species were tested in a germination
experiment: 1200 were freshly harvested and 793 were collected from herbarium
specimens of various ages. Seed viability was tested using the germination
method. The freshly harvested seeds were used for selecting the best out of
seven frequently used dormancy-breaking methods for this species. The highest
percentage of germination was recorded for the combined treatment of
scarification and light. Thus, this method was used to test the viability of
the seeds collected from herbarium specimens. The oldest seeds that germinated
were 131 years old. Until now there are no records of seeds of herbaceous
legumes germinating that are more than 100 years old. This record is the 9th
oldest of all the literature records of viable seeds originating from
biological collections. All the seeds that germinated developed into healthy,
fertile plants, the seeds of which also readily germinated. Fitted linear
regression showed a significant negative relationship between seed age and
percentage germination. Based on this linear regression the calculated
theoretical maximum viability is 309 years. Our results suggest that seeds of <i>A.
contortuplicatus </i>stored in collections can be successfully used in this
species’ reintroduction for conservation purpose, to areas in which the plants
were collected.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Keywords</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">biological collections, <i>Fabaceae</i>, hard
seeds, herbarium, Hungary, physical dormancy, scarification, persistence, seed
longevity, seed storage</span></div>
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<![endif]-->Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-91877833008626765482015-08-10T22:26:00.000+02:002015-08-10T22:26:12.364+02:00Deák et al. (2015) Ecological Complexity<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476945X15000331" target="_blank">Deák, B., Valkó, O., Török, P., Kelemen, A., Tóth, K., Miglécz, T., Tóthmérész, B. (2015): Reed cut, habitat diversity and productivity in wetlands. Ecological Complexity 22: 121-125.</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Highlights</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>We tested the effects of winter cutting versus abandonment on wetland diversity.</li>
<li>Winter cutting decreased habitat diversity and structural heterogeneity.</li>
<li>Unmanaged wetlands harboured high amount of biomass in heterogeneous distribution.</li>
<li>Diversity of vegetation types correlated positively with all biomass fractions.</li>
<li>Intensive reed cut decreases wetland diversity by overriding edaphic conditions.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />Abstract<br />There is a conflict between nature conservation and thatching industry regarding the management of reedbeds. On one hand, reedbeds are of an economical importance by providing thatching material, on the other hand, they harbour several endangered species. Reedbeds are typically managed by winter cutting, but its impacts on biodiversity are poorly understood. Our aim was to study the effects of winter cutting on the habitat diversity and structural heterogeneity of wetlands in a lowland alkali landscape (East-Hungary). We tested the following hypotheses: (i) Both diversity of plant species and habitat diversity are lower in winter cut wetlands compared to unmanaged stands. (ii) The distribution of biomass (green biomass, litter and standing dead biomass) is more homogeneous in winter cut wetlands compared to unmanaged ones. We found that winter cutting decreased habitat diversity and structural heterogeneity at multiple scales. Number of plant species and all measures of habitat diversity (number of patches, vegetation types and the length of vegetation margins) had lower scores in cut wetlands than in unmanaged ones. We found that unmanaged wetlands harboured high amount of accumulated biomass and they also maintained high habitat diversity likely due to the heterogeneous distribution of the biomass. In unmanaged wetlands, biomass accumulation did not decrease habitat diversity and also contributed to a higher structural heterogeneity. In cut wetlands, expansion of reed was an important driver of the decrease in habitat diversity and structural heterogeneity. Reed expansion likely overrode fine-scale edaphic conditions (hydrology and salinity) in shaping vegetation patterns; thus we suggest to avoid intensive winter cutting.<br /><br />Keywords<br />Biomass, Landscape, Management, Margin, Marsh, Phragmites </div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-50466616726345516972015-08-10T22:20:00.003+02:002015-08-10T22:20:53.949+02:00Löki et al. (2015) Willdenowia<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3372/wi.45.45209">Löki V., Tökölyi J., Süveges K., Lovas-Kiss Á., Hürkan K., Sramkó G. & Molnár V. A. (2015): The orchid flora of Turkish graveyards: a comprehensive survey. Willdenowia 45(2): 231–243.</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Graveyards are widely known among orchidologists as finding places of several orchid species in Turkey, including some very rare and localised ones. Graveyards provide places that are less strongly affected by landscape-altering human activities than other habitats because of their special cultural roles and religious privileges. In this study we performed a comprehensive survey of Turkish graveyards as orchid habitats. In total, 300 graveyards were studied in 30 provinces of Turkey in 2014. 84 orchid taxa (almost half of the known Turkish orchid flora) were found in 208 graveyards. From the studied provinces two south-southwestern provinces (Muğla, Antalya) emerged as peaks of species richness. This finding is in accordance with the overall biogeographical pattern of orchid diversity in Turkey. Our survey also contributes new floristic data to the orchid flora of Turkey. We documented salep collection in 10 graveyards from six provinces involving nine species. Altogether, we found orchids in 69% of the inspected graveyards, allowing us to conclude that the occurrence of orchids in Turkish graveyards is not a rare phenomenon. Thus, graveyards can be important refuges for orchids in the changing economical and agricultural circumstances of Turkey.<br /><br />Keywords<br />Asia minor, cemetery, flora of Turkey, Near East, Orchidaceae, salep, SW Asia</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-25576196216995596822015-08-10T22:18:00.003+02:002015-08-10T22:18:58.908+02:00E. Vojtkó et al. (2015) Acta Biologica Hungarica<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/278794257_Factors_affecting_reproductive_success_in_three_entomophilous_orchid_species_in_Hungary" target="_blank">E. Vojtkó A., Sonkoly J., Lukács B. A. & Molnár V. A. (2015): Factors affecting reproductive success in three entomophilous orchid species in Hungary. Acta Biologica Hungarica 66(2): 231–241.</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />The reproductive success of orchids is traditionally estimated by determining the fruit-set of individuals. Here, we investigated both the fruit and the seed production of three orchid species and the factors that may affect individual fruit-set, like pollination strategy, individual traits or the annual amount of precipitation. The species (Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó, Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P. F. Hunt & Summerhayes and Platanthera bifolia (L.) L. C. M. Richard) were studied in three consecutive years (2010–2012) in the Bükk Mountains, Hungary. All the three species were proved to be non-autogamous by a bagging experiment. Data analyses showed significant differences between seed numbers but not between fruit-sets of species. There was no statistical difference in individual reproductive success between wet and dry years however, the effect of the annual amount of precipitation is significant on the population level. Comparison of published fruit-set data revealed accordance with our results in P. bifolia, but not in D. sambucina and D. majalis. We assume that the surprisingly high fruit-set values of the two Dactylorhiza species may be due to the fact that the pollination crisis reported from Western European countries may not be an actual problem in the Bükk Mountains, Hungary.<br /><br />Keywords<br />Dactylorhiza majalis, Dactylorhiza sambucina, fruit-set, Platanthera bifolia, pollination crisis</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-67382691340413694852015-08-10T22:15:00.001+02:002015-08-10T22:19:23.062+02:00Molnár V. et al. (2015) Applied Ecology and Environmental Research<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://aloki.hu/pdf/1304_10971108.pdf" target="_blank">Molnár V. A., Löki V., Takács A., Schmidt J., Tökölyi J., Bódis J. & Sramkó G. (2015): No evidence for historical declines in pollination success in Hungarian orchids. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 13(4): 1097–1183.</a><br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
Pollination crisis (the decline of pollinator populations) is a global phenomenon which threatens biodiversity, human welfare and economy. The degree to which different plant populations/species are affected by pollination crisis is still unclear. In this study, long-term herbarium dataset was used to quantify the reproduction rate of Hungarian orchids between 1853 and 2008. We quantified fruit-set rate of 663 specimens belonging to 27 species. Data were available from an average of 10.3±9.3 localities, 76.5±43.2 years, and 23.4±25.6 specimens per species. Herbarium data were validated with field-observed data in case of the different pollination strategies. According to our results, the reproductive success of the vast majority of orchid species has not changed during time and pollination crisis is not apparent in Hungary at least until the end of the 20th century.<br />
<br />
Keywords<br />
herbaria, natural history collections, Orchidaceae, pollination crisis, pollination mode</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-85837071636350164512015-08-10T22:12:00.004+02:002015-08-10T22:12:48.685+02:00Boda et al. (2015) Journal of Insect Conservation<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10841-015-9776-3" target="_blank">Réka Boda, Csaba Bereczki, Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai, Péter Mauchart, Bálint Pernecker, Zoltán Csabai (2015): Emergence behaviour of the red listed Balkan Goldenring (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) in Hungarian upstreams: vegetation structure affects the last steps of the larvae. Journal of Insect Conservation 19(3): 547-557.</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />In odonates, the emergence behaviour and finding suitable substrates for successful molting may influence the next generation and ultimately can determine the survival of the entire population. Understanding emergence behavior of endangered species and those granted special conservation status is particularly important. Despite this, little is known about the life history and emergence behaviour of Cordulegaster heros, a characteristic inhabitant of headwater streams. We hypothesised that the taxonomic composition and structure of the vegetation significantly affect the travel distance to the emergence site and the substrate choice. Two stream sections with different riparian zone vegetation were surveyed for exuviae in the emergence periods in two consecutive years, supported with detailed vegetation mapping. Significant differences were found between the vegetation characteristics at the two sites and differences were also found between emergences in edge zones within a site, indicating that the importance of vegetation structure operates within the scale of sites as well as between sites. At the site with more diverse vegetation, smaller horizontal but higher vertical travel distances and more varied emergence substrate choice were found. Habitat composition and complexity appears to determine the emergence behaviour of C. heros, so for the successful conservation of this species we recommend choosing appropriate forest management regimes and even maintaining riparian forests in near-pristine condition.<br /><br />Keywords<br />Odonata, Exuviae, Travel distances, Emergence-site selection and preference, Vegetation grid mapping<br /><br /></div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-57273116731484700042015-08-10T22:09:00.002+02:002015-08-10T22:09:58.845+02:00Boda et al. (2015) Hydrobiologia<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10750-015-2317-y" target="_blank">Réka Boda, Csaba Bereczki, Bálint Pernecker, Péter Mauchart, Zoltán Csabai (2015): Life history and multiscale habitat preferences of the red-listed Balkan Goldenring, Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979 (Insecta, Odonata), in South-Hungarian headwaters: does the species have mesohabitat-mediated microdistribution? Hydrobiologia, DOI: 10.1007/s10750-015-2317-y</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Life cycle and microdistribution patterns of Cordulegaster heros, a charismatic species for nature conservation, are poorly known. Life history characteristics and multiscale habitat preferences of the larvae were followed for one year in monthly intervals by systematic samplings in eight headwaters, which resulted in data on 2562 individuals. We hypothesized that meso- and microhabitat complexity play an important role in forming the population structure and microdistribution of the species. Based on the distribution of the consecutive larval instars, duration of later stages and time of molt and emergence, the larval development of C. heros in the Mecsek Mountains lasts for at least three, but with a maximum of four years. All three levels of the multi-habitat structure [habitat (sites), and meso- (riffle/pool sequence) and microhabitats (biotic and different particle-sized abiotic types)] have significant effects on the spatial distribution of the larvae. Densities and population structures vary among the sites, but mesohabitat type and microhabitat diversity (heterogeneity within a pool or riffle) govern the microdistribution. C. heros prefers pools with small or medium microhabitat heterogeneity and higher proportion of small particle-sized substrates, especially in younger stages. Older larvae are less sensitive for these effects.<br /><br />Keywords<br />Odonata, Larvae, Life cycle, Spatial microdistribution, Meso- and microhabitat preference<br /></div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-89727091062358717392015-03-03T16:06:00.001+01:002015-03-03T16:06:46.007+01:00Deák et al. (2015) Basic and Applied Ecology<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179115000274">Balázs Deák, Orsolya Valkó, Péter Török, András Kelemen, Tamás Miglécz, Szilárd Szabó, Gergely Szabó, Béla Tóthmérész (2015): Micro-topographic heterogeneity increases plant diversity in old stages of restored grasslands. Basic and Applied Ecology, in press</a>. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2015.02.008">doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.02.008</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Abstract</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It is a truism in ecology that environmental heterogeneity increases diversity. Supporting field studies are mostly concerned with a large-scale topographic heterogeneity, ranging from a couple of meters to landscape-scale gradients. To test the role of fine-scale micro-topography on plant diversity, we studied the initial vegetation of recently filled (1-year-old), and established vegetation on old (7-year-old) soil-filled channels in an alkali landscape, East-Hungary. We hypothesised that (i) recently filled channels are characterised by a high cover of ruderal species and high species diversity and (ii) high micro-topographic heterogeneity increases the diversity of species and plant strategy types (mixed C-S-R categories) in early stages but later on this effect diminishes. We found that diversity of species and plant strategy types was higher in recently filled channels compared to old filled channels. Micro-topographic heterogeneity had no effect on the studied vegetation parameters in recently filled channels. Conversely, in old filled channels higher micro-topographic heterogeneity resulted in higher diversity and lower cover of the dominant grass Festuca pseudovina. Higher micro-topographic heterogeneity resulted in increased ruderality and decreased stress-tolerance, but it did not increase the diversity of plant strategy types. In contrast with former studies, we found that a couple of centimeters of micro-topographic heterogeneity had no effect on vegetation in recently filled channels, but supported a high diversity in old filled channels. An important practical implication of our study is that in grassland restoration projects, micro-topographic heterogeneity has a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Keywords</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alkali landscape, C-S-R strategies, Elevation, Functional diversity, Grassland restoration, Plant trait, Soil disturbance, Succession, Topography</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-36072248125365091032015-03-03T15:53:00.004+01:002015-03-03T16:00:54.359+01:00Deák et al. (2014) Flora<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253014001157">Deák, B.; Valkó, O.; Alexander, C.; Mücke, W.; Kania, A.; Tamás, J.; Heilmeier, H. (2014): Fine-scale vertical position as an indicator of vegetation in alkali grasslands - case study based on remotely sensed data. FLORA 209: 693-697.</a><br /><br /> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Highlights</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Small-scale elevation gradients affect salt and water balance in alkali landscapes.•</li>
<li>Elevation–vegetation correlations have not been studied in inland alkali landscapes.•</li>
<li>We linked elevation data with vegetation patterns using remote sensing techniques.•</li>
<li>Main vegetation categories can be separated by their small-scale vertical positions.•</li>
<li>Remote sensing based vegetation mapping is an ideal tool in such complex landscapes.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><br />Abstract<br />Vertical position is an important driver of vegetation zonation at multiple scales, via determining abiotic environmental parameters, such as climate, soil properties and water balance. In inland alkali landscapes, elevation is a key factor for understanding patterns of salt accumulation and water table which is therefore considered a good indicator of alkali vegetation types. Remote sensing techniques offer viable solutions for linking elevation data to vegetation patterns by providing an elevation model of extended areas. Our goal was to test the relationships between fine-scale differences in vertical position and vegetation patterns in inland alkali landscapes by vegetation data collected in the field and elevation data generated using airborne laser scanning (ALS). We studied whether vertical position influences vegetation patterns at the level of main vegetation groups (based on alliances) or even at the level of associations. Our study sites were situated in a lowland alkali landscape in Hortobágy National Park (East-Hungary). We grouped the associations into four main vegetation groups: loess grasslands, alkali steppes, open alkali swards and alkali meadows. Even though we detected a very limited range (121 cm) in the vertical position of the main vegetation groups, they were well separated by their vertical positions. At the level of associations, a more detailed elevation-based distinction was also possible in many cases. The revealed elevation–vegetation correlations show that high-resolution mapping based on ALS remote sensing techniques is an ideal solution in complex lowland areas, such as alkali landscapes. Our findings suggest that in other types of lowland landscapes, characterised by elevation differences, the applied method might hold a great potential as a supporting tool for vegetation mapping.<br /><br /> <br />Keywords<br />Vegetation zonation, Airborne laser scanning, Saline grassland, Festucion pseudovinae, Natura 2000, Digital terrain model<br /><br /> </div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-84492475622491073382015-02-25T09:53:00.001+01:002015-03-03T14:17:57.988+01:00Burai et al. (2015) Remote Sensing<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/2/2046">Burai, P., Deák, B., Valkó, O., Tomor, T (2015): Classification of herbaceous vegetation using airborne hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing 7: 2046-2066.</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
Alkali landscapes hold an extremely fine-scale mosaic of several vegetation types, thus it seems challenging to separate these classes by remote sensing. Our aim was to test the applicability of different image classification methods of hyperspectral data in this complex situation. To reach the highest classification accuracy, we tested traditional image classifiers (maximum likelihood classifier—MLC), machine learning algorithms (support vector machine—SVM, random forest—RF) and feature extraction (minimum noise fraction (MNF)-transformation) on training datasets of different sizes. Digital images were acquired from an AISA EAGLE II hyperspectral sensor of 128 contiguous bands (400–1000 nm), a spectral sampling of 5 nm bandwidth and a ground pixel size of 1 m. For the classification, we established twenty vegetation classes based on the dominant species, canopy height, and total vegetation cover. Image classification was applied to the original and MNF (minimum noise fraction) transformed dataset with various training sample sizes between 10 and 30 pixels. In order to select the optimal number of the transformed features, we applied SVM, RF and MLC classification to 2–15 MNF transformed bands. In the case of the original bands, SVM and RF classifiers provided high accuracy irrespective of the number of the training pixels. We found that SVM and RF produced the best accuracy when using the first nine MNF transformed bands; involving further features did not increase classification accuracy. SVM and RF provided high accuracies with the transformed bands, especially in the case of the aggregated groups. Even MLC provided high accuracy with 30 training pixels (80.78%), but the use of a smaller training dataset (10 training pixels) significantly reduced the accuracy of classification (52.56%). Our results suggest that in alkali landscapes, the application of SVM is a feasible solution, as it provided the highest accuracies compared to RF and MLC. SVM was not sensitive in the training sample size, which makes it an adequate tool when only a limited number of training pixels are available for some classes.<br />
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<br />
Keywords<br />
grassland, habitat mapping, hyperspectral, maximum likelihood classifier, minimum noise fraction, nature conservation, open landscape, random forest, support vector machine</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-72812759184123410522015-02-18T11:46:00.002+01:002015-02-18T11:47:05.460+01:00Lengyel & Podani (2015) Journal of Vegetation Science<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvs.12268/abstract" target="_blank">Lengyel, A. & Podani, J. (2015): Assessing the relative importance of methodological decisions in classifications of vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science. doi: 10.1111/jvs.12268</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Abstract <br />
Questions: What is the relative importance of our methodological decisions concerning sampling (plot size) and data analysis (data transformation, resemblance coefficient, hierarchical clustering strategy and number of clusters) in vegetation classification? Are there differences between the conclusions when the full range or only a more practical narrow range of methodological choices is tested? What is the difference between results for actual and random data? <br />
Location: Rock grassland in Hungary. <br />
Methods: The full procedure of vegetation classification was simulated using actual and random data. Variation in classification results was partitioned using distance-based redundancy analysis. The RDA models were subjected to variation partitioning to determine the relative importance of methodological decisions. <br />
Results: RDA models explained more variation in classifications of random than in real data. Classification algorithm, cluster level, data transformation and mean plot size were always included among the most significant variables, however, the other variables also had a considerable effect in certain situations. <br />
Conclusions: As adjusted R2 values suggest, the overall effect of methodological decisions on classifications is larger for randomly structured than actual data, due possibly to a stronger clustering tendency in the latter. The clustering algorithm, cluster level, data transformation and plot size should be chosen most carefully before classification analyses, but any of the examined decisions can significantly affect the result. In addition to the mean, the range of plot sizes should also be carefully delimited during relevé selection for classification studies. The main decision about the classification algorithm is whether a chain-forming or group-forming method is used. The data transformation had a more significant effect on real data than on simulations with random variation, thus supporting the ability of the application of different abundance scales in revealing different facets of biologically relevant patterns in community composition. The resemblance measure had a relatively weak effect, suggesting that it is not as influential as previously thought. <br />
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Keywords <br />
Data transformation, Flexible clustering, Model selection, Multivariate analysis, Plot size, Resemblance measure</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-9043397385830470642015-01-20T18:07:00.004+01:002015-01-20T18:07:57.593+01:00Kelemen et al. (2015) Ecological Complexity<div style="text-align: justify;">
András Kelemen, Péter Török, Orsolya Valkó, Balázs Deák, Katalin Tóth, Béla Tóthmérész (2015): Both facilitation and limiting similarity shape the species coexistence in dry alkali grasslands. Ecological Complexity 21: 34–38. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476945X14001469" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.11.004</a></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><br />Abstract<br />Facilitation is an important driver of community assembly, and often overwhelms the effect of competition in stressed habitats. Thus, net effect of biotic interactions is often positive in stressed grasslands, where dominant species and litter can protect the subordinate species. Besides facilitation, niche partitioning can also support species coexistence leading to limiting similarity between subordinate species. Our aim was to provide a detailed analysis of fine-scale biotic interactions in stressed alkali grasslands. We supposed, that there are positive relationships between the main biomass fractions and species richness. We expected the expansion of trait ranges and the increase of trait dissimilarity with increasing biomass scores (total litter, green biomass of dominant species) and species richness. We studied the relationships between main biomass fractions, species richness, functional diversity and functional trait indices (ranges, weighted means and Rao indices). We used fine-scale biomass sampling in nine stands of dry alkali grasslands dominated by Festuca pseudovina. The detected relationships were always positive between the main biomass fractions (green biomass of dominant species, total litter and green biomass of subordinate species) and species richness. We found that the green biomass of dominant species and total litter increased ranges and dissimilarity of functional traits. Our results suggest that in dry alkali grasslands facilitation is crucial in shaping vegetation composition. The green biomass of dominant species and total litter increased the biomass production of subordinate species leading to overyielding. We found that mechanisms of facilitation and limiting similarity were jointly shaping the species coexistence in stressed grasslands, such as alkali grasslands.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Highlights</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>We proposed a model of fine-scale biotic interactions in stressed alkali grasslands.</li>
<li>Trait-based analyses are used to reflect fine-scale species co-existence patterns.</li>
<li>Diversity and biomass of subordinate species increased by Festuca biomass and litter.</li>
<li>Festuca increased the ranges and dissimilarity of functional traits.</li>
<li>Facilitation and limiting similarity jointly shape species coexistence.</li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
Keywords<br />Abiotic stress, Biomass, Competition, Functional diversity, Plant traits, Trait dissimilarity<br /></div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-25019310108532576792015-01-20T17:50:00.001+01:002015-01-20T17:50:16.591+01:00Sutcliffe et al. (2014) Diversity & Distributions<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sutcliffe, L. M. E., Batáry, P., Kormann, U., Báldi, A., Dicks, L. V., Herzon, I., Kleijn, D., Tryjanowski, P., Apostolova, I., Arlettaz, R., Aunins, A., Aviron, S., Baležentienė, L., Fischer, C., Halada, L., Hartel, T., Helm, A., Hristov, I., Jelaska, S. D., Kaligarič, M., Kamp, J., Klimek, S., Koorberg, P., Kostiuková, J., Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., Kuemmerle, T., Leuschner, C., Lindborg, R., Loos, J., Maccherini, S., Marja, R., Máthé, O., Paulini, I., Proença, V., Rey-Benayas, J., Sans, F. X., Seifert, C., Stalenga, J., Timaeus, J., Török, P., van Swaay, C., Viik, E., Tscharntke, T. (2014), Harnessing the biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland. Diversity and Distributions. <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddi.12288/abstract" target="_blank">doi: 10.1111/ddi.12288</a></div>
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<br />Abstract<br /> A large proportion of European biodiversity today depends on habitat provided by low-intensity farming practices, yet this resource is declining as European agriculture intensifies. Within the European Union, particularly the central and eastern new member states have retained relatively large areas of species-rich farmland, but despite increased investment in nature conservation here in recent years, farmland biodiversity trends appear to be worsening. Although the high biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland has long been reported, the amount of research in the international literature focused on farmland biodiversity in this region remains comparatively tiny, and measures within the EU Common Agricultural Policy are relatively poorly adapted to support it. In this opinion study, we argue that, 10 years after the accession of the first eastern EU new member states, the continued under-representation of the low-intensity farmland in Central and Eastern Europe in the international literature and EU policy is impeding the development of sound, evidence-based conservation interventions. The biodiversity benefits for Europe of existing low-intensity farmland, particularly in the central and eastern states, should be harnessed before they are lost. Instead of waiting for species-rich farmland to further decline, targeted research and monitoring to create locally appropriate conservation strategies for these habitats is needed now.</div>
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<br /><br />Keywords<br />Agricultural intensification, agri-environment schemes, common agricultural policy, European Union, high nature value farmland</div>
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Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-88427863368438710992014-12-21T11:49:00.002+01:002014-12-21T11:49:28.700+01:00Howe et al. (2015) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://geogenetics.ku.dk/staff/?pure=en%2Fpublications%2Fpredation-pressure-in-ugandan-cotton-fields-measured-by-a-sentinel-prey-method%28c87cd2a3-0517-41e3-9157-d771839e3712%29.html" target="_blank">Howe A, Nachman G, Lövei GL 2015. Predation pressure in Ugandan cotton fields measured by a sentinel prey method. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata DOI: 10.1111/eea.12267</a></div>
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Abstract</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pest suppression by natural enemies is an important ecosystem service,
which is a valuable resource<br />
to poor smallholders in developing countries. Diverse natural enemy
assemblages of arthropod pre- dators and parasitoids are documented in
various regions in Africa, but our knowledge of their impact on
herbivores in agroecosystems remains limited.We conducted
experiments in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), under typical
local agronomic practices in Uganda to assess levels of predation
pressure ascribed to natural enemies.We measured predation rates on
artificial caterpillars made of plasticine glued to
cotton plants. Predation pressure on cotton fields varied between 1.96
and 4.1% per day, but was not significantly influenced by cotton
treatments (insecticide/no insecticide, monocropping/intercropping with
Phaseolus spp.). Predation pressure in non-crop
habitats adjacent to cotton fields was up to 129 higher than in the
fields. Marks left on the artificial caterpillars revealed that
arthropods and birds were largely accountable for predation in cotton
fields, whereas arthropods and smallmammals were dominant
in non-cultivated habitats.</span></div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-61799097295950214782014-12-20T22:53:00.000+01:002014-12-20T22:53:08.550+01:00Schindler et al. (2014) Landscape Ecology<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10980-014-9989-y" target="_blank">Stefan Schindler, Zita Sebesvari, Christian Damm, Katrin Euller, Volker Mauerhofer, Anna Schneidergruber, Marianna Biró, Franz Essl, Róbert Kanka, Sophie G. Lauwaars, Christiane Schulz-Zunkel, Theo van der Sluis, Michaela Kropik, Viktor Gasso, Andreas Krug, Martin T. Pusch, Klaus Peter Zulka, Werner Lazowski, Christa Hainz-Renetzeder, Klaus Henle, Thomas Wrbka (2014): Multifunctionality of floodplain landscapes: relating management options to ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology 29 (2): 229-244.</a></div>
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Abstract</div>
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The concept of green infrastructure has been recently taken up by the
European Commission for ensuring the provision of ecosystem services
(ESS). It aims at the supply of multiple ESS in a given landscape,
however, the effects of a full suite of management options on multiple
ESS and landscape multifunctionality have rarely been assessed. In this
paper we use European floodplain landscapes as example to develop an
expert based qualitative conceptual model for the assessment of impacts
of landscape scale interventions on multifunctionality. European
floodplain landscapes are particularly useful for such approach as they
originally provided a high variety and quantity of ESS that has declined
due to the strong human impact these landscapes have experienced. We
provide an overview of the effects of floodplain management options on
landscape multifunctionality by assessing the effects of 38 floodplain
management interventions on 21 relevant ESS, as well as on overall ESS
supply. We found that restoration and rehabilitation consistently
increased the multifunctionality of the landscape by enhancing supply of
provisioning, regulation/maintenance, and cultural services. In
contrast, conventional technical regulation measures and interventions
related to extraction, infrastructure and intensive land use cause
decrease in multifunctionality and negative effects for the supply of
all three aspects of ESS. The overview of the effects of interventions
shall provide guidance for decision makers at multiple governance
levels. The presented conceptual model could be effectively applied for
other landscapes that have potential for a supply of a high diversity of
ESS. </div>
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Keywords</div>
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Multifunctional landscapes, Green infrastructure, Nature conservation, Environmental management, Multifunctionality index, Hydrological engineering, Restoration, Recreation, Provisioning services, Cultural services <br /></div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-46989393410301367182014-12-20T22:46:00.001+01:002014-12-21T11:45:41.745+01:00Horváth et al. (2014) Bulletin of Insectology<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/pdfarticles/vol67-2014-255-264horvath.pdf" target="_blank">Horváth R, Elek Z, Lövei GL (2014) Compositional changes in spider (Araneae) assemblages along an urbanisation gradient near a Danish town. Bulletin of Insectology 67: 255-262. </a><br />
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Abstract <br />
Spider (Araneae) assemblages were studied over two years by pitfall trapping along an urbanisation gradient of forested habitats (rural forest - suburban forest fragment - urban forest fragment) in a Danish town, using the Globenet protocol. During the two years, we collected 4340 individuals of 90 species, with money spiders (Linyphiidae) and wolf spiders (Lycosidae) being most numerous. One species, Ero aphana, was new to the Danish fauna. In 2004, 45-47 species were captured in the habitats in various stages of urbanisation, while in 2005 (with a smaller collection effort), 28 (urban) - 37 (rural) species were captured. Twenty-five percent of the collected species occurred in all habitats, but about half of them were only collected in one of the urbanisation stages. The number of shared species was the highest between the suburban and urban habitats. The highest similarities between assemblages (characterized by the Renkonen-index) were the within-habitat, between-year comparisons, indicating assemblage stability. Species turnover between years was lowest in the rural forest and highest in the urban forest patch (56.6% vs. 41.5%). Urbanisation did not reduce diversity in terms of species richness but only a minority of the species present in forests was able to remain attached to the reduced-size forest fragments as urbanisation progressed. </div>
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Keywords</div>
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Globenet, disturbance, biodiversity, arachnids</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1095682217864828419.post-90344335805407423192014-12-20T22:44:00.001+01:002014-12-21T11:47:26.683+01:00Ferrante et al. (2014) European Journal of Entomology<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.eje.cz/corproof.php?tartkey=eje-000000-0066#.VJXtR_8BAKA" target="_blank">Ferrante M, Lo Cacciato A, Lövei GL (2014): Quantifying predation pressure along an urbanisation gradient in Denmark by using artificial caterpillars. European Journal of Entomology 111: 649-654. doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.082 </a><br />
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Abstract</div>
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Urbanisation results in a marked modification of habitats and influences several ecological processes, some of which give rise to beneficial ecological services. Natural pest control, the effect of predators on prey is one of such services. We quantified changes in the incidence of predation with increasing levels of urbanisation using artificial caterpillars made of green plasticine. Potential predators can be identified by the “attack marks” they leave on these artificial caterpillars. We conducted this study from May to October 2010 around the city of Sorø (Zealand, Denmark), in forests along an urbanisation gradient (rural-suburban-urban). Artificial caterpillars were placed on the ground in order to obtain an estimate of the incidence of predation at ground level. Half (50%) of the 1398 caterpillars were “attacked” and 28.8% of the bites were those of chewing insects. We attributed the majority of these to carabids, the most common group of ground-active arthropods. Chewing insects exerted the greatest predation pressure in the original forest (52.1%), with lower values recorded in the suburban (10.1%) and urban (16.4%) forest fragments. Ants were responsible for only 4.7% of the attacks in forest, 11.3% in suburban and 16.4% in urban forest fragments. Mammals exerted the highest predation pressure in suburban <br />
habitats (22.2% vs. 4.9% in forest, and 8.1% in urban forest fragments). <br />
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Keywords</div>
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Carabidae, Formicidae, fragmentation, natural enemies, ecosystem services, predation, urbanisation, sentinel prey</div>
Ökológus Tea Bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06906115673879065182noreply@blogger.com0